Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). They are usually cooked with ginger into a clear soup, and sometimes served raw as sashimi.
#STONE FISH SKIN#
The meat of Synanceia is white, dense and sweet, and the skin is also edible. In the Hokkien-speaking area, they are considered delicacies and good for health. The fish are considered a delicacy in many parts of Asia, including south Japan, south Fujian, Guangdong in China, and Hong Kong. The protein-based venom quickly breaks down when heated, and raw stonefish served as part of sashimi is rendered harmless simply by removing the dorsal fins which are the main source of venom. Synanceia is edible to humans if properly prepared. There were 14 calls to the Queensland Poisons Information System in 2008 regarding stonefish poison. There were 25 cases of the use of antivenom for stonefish reported to Commonwealth Serum Laboratories for a one-year period between July 1989 and June 1990, with most from Queensland and four from the Northern Territory. Number of incidents ġ936 article from Melbourne newspaper The Argus about venomous stonefish.
Īfter stonefish envenomation the amount of anti-venom given depends on the number of puncture wounds from the stonefish spines. The Aboriginal people of Northern Australia and the Great Barrier Reef have ways of preparing the fish for eating to avoid poisoning. Some Indigenous Australians have corroborees which involve re-enacting the death of someone who trod on the fish. Stonefish antivenom is the second-most administered in Australia. They are not easily seen as they look similar to rocks or coral. Stonefish stings can occur on the beach, not just in the water, since stonefish can survive out of the water for up to 24 hours. Most stonefish stings occur as a result of stepping on the creature which forces venom into the foot, while it is less common for the fish to sting when it is picked up. The stonefish is the most venomous known fish in the world and stings can cause death if not treated. Vinegar is found on some Australian beaches as it is said to lessen the pain. Hot water (at a temperature of at least 45 ☌ (113 ☏)) applied to the injured area has been found to denature stonefish venom, and causes minimal discomfort to the victim. The two most recommended treatments are the application of heat to the affected area, and antivenom. Stonefish stings are extremely painful and potentially lethal. The venom can also lower white blood cell count and lead to infection of the area even after appropriate treatment of the wound. The venom of Synanceia is potent and can result in cellular deterioration of the afflicted organism due to toxins that target cellular membranes. Ī study published in 2018 reports that stonefish also have the ability to extend a sharp, specialized spine known as a lachrymal saber as an additional defense mechanism. When the stonefish is disturbed, it may inject an amount of venom proportional to the amount of pressure applied to it. Swimmers may not notice them and inadvertently step on them, triggering a sting. The vernacular name of the species, the stonefish, derives from its grey and mottled camouflage similar to the color of a stone. The species has potent neurotoxins secreted from glands at the base of their needle-like dorsal fin spines which stick up when disturbed or threatened.
Synanceia are primarily marine, and although some species are known to live in rivers, most live in coral reefs near the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans. Synanceia quinque Matsunuma, Manjaji‑Matsumoto & Motomura, 2021 Synanceia nana (Eschmeyer & Rama Rao, 1973) India to China, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Australia, and is also recorded in Vanuatu Northern Indian Ocean to the Solomon Islands Synanceia alula ( Eschmeyer & Rama Rao, 1973) Synanceia contains the following species: Image The genus name Synanceia is made up of syn, meaning "with", and angeíon, which means "cavity", an allusion to the large, cavernous heads of the species considered to be in the genus. However, other authorities regard Synanceiidae as a valid family and the Synanceiini as the subfamily Synanceiinae. The genus Synanceia is classified within the tribe Synanceiini which is one of three tribes in the subfamily Synanceeinae within the family Scorpaenidae. Synanceia Was first described as a genus in 1801 by the German naturalists Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider with Scorpaena horrida, which had been described by Carl Linnaeus in 1766 from Ambon Island ( Indonesia), as its type species.
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